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Own Your Ignorance

“In our daily reading of Scripture we come upon many obscure passages that convict us of ignorance” John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, 3.2.4

This statement from Calvin is striking. At the time Calvin is writing this he is widely regarded as the leading theologian of the Reformation. No one else had produced such a systematic exposition of the faith in that day, explaining the Bible and how people could understand it as they came away from what “they had always heard” from the Catholic Church. And, it is clear from letters, Calvin was aware of the leadership role he had and how people looked up to him. If ever someone might be excused for thinking he might be justified in hiding what he did not know or understand, it could be Calvin at this time. But, he does not hide his ignorance. He does not try to present himself as more than he is. He boldly proclaims in his magnum opus that he is regularly, in his daily reading of Scripture, convicted of his own ignorance as he comes upon passages he cannot understand. He wrote commentaries on almost every book of the Bible, but he is regularly convicted of his own ignorance.

Pastor or Bible professor, do you acknowledge when you just don’t know the answer to a question? Or do you seek to cover your ignorance with some pious or technical obfuscation to keep up an image? Drop the charade. We can’t know everything and even some things we should know we won’t know or will forget. Don’t be afraid to simply say, “Sorry, I don’t know. I will look into it.” It is humbling and, sometimes, even humiliating. But it is real and honest. It’s also a relief. There is only one perfect man, one Chief Shepherd (1 Peter 5:4). Don’t try to impersonate Him, just rest in Him. And point the people to Him, not yourself.

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C. S. Lewis, Preaching & Rhetoric

I am in the midst of the last proofreading of the forthcoming book, Forgotten Songs: Reclaiming the Psalms for Christian Worship and am really enjoying the essays even though I’ve been through them several times already. In Jack Collins’ essay on the liturgical purpose of the Psalms in their Old Testament context he helpfully discusses the value of the rhetoric of the Psalms.

In that context he quotes C. S. Lewis

The proper use [of rhetoric that shapes the emotions] is lawful and necessary because, as Aristotle points out, intellect of itself “moves nothing”: the transition from thinking to doing, in nearly all men at nearly all moments, needs to be assisted by appropriate states of feeling. [1]

Collins uses this quote about the Psalms, but the quote is also helpful when thinking of preaching. In my tradition many are quite familiar with overblown rhetoric which really gets in the way- all heat and no light, more bluster than Bible, windy but not winsome, lacking in wisdom. In response to this abuse, some swing to the other side carefully avoiding emotion, or any rhetorical effort, etc. This can be light which gives no heat, truth that doesn’t touch, doctrine without delight.

Lewis’s summary here is quite helpful. “Intellect of itself ‘moves nothing.’” Proper preaching must begin with truth and then seek to elicit “states of feeling” appropriate to this truth. Light properly producing heat.  Effective preaching must be affective.

And, to come full circle, the Psalms can help us here.


[1]C. S. Lewis, Preface to Paradise Lost (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1942), 52. Lewis is alluding to Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, VI.ii.5.

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Worship Frees Us from Self-reliance

Here is another excerpt from Brueggemann’s sermon on Psalm 100 [“Psalm 100,” Interpretation 39 (1985): 65-69]. In this section he is making the point that worship along the lines called for in Psalm 100 is a summons to reorient life in light of the reality that God is our Creator and Shepherd.

To sing in this way to Yahweh is to abandon self-groundedness. A life without praise is more likely a life turned in on self. It is a life of autonomy and self-invention, which imagines that one is self-made, need answer no other and can rely on no other. Such a notion of self-groundedness is a pervasive temptation among us, which may lead to cynicism and anxiety or to pride and domination. But this psalm is an acknowledgment that life is a gift. Life is always and regularly to be referred back to the giver. Such ultimate submission of sheep to shepherd leaves one free and unencumbered by the burden of self-invention.

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Praise as Polemic

I have plenty of differences with Walter Brueggemann, but his sermon on Psalm 100 is very rich [“Psalm 100,” Interpretation 39 (1985): 65-69]. The following quote makes a profound point about praise and has helped me see more of the importance of praise.

To praise is to reject alternative loyalties and false definitions of reality. Praise is relentlessly polemical. As this God is affirmed, in the same act other gods are dismissed as irrelevant and denied any legitimacy. As Israel acknowledges to whom it belongs, it also asserts to whom it does not belong. The ones dismissed may be variously the gods of Egyptian enslavement, the gods of Canaanite manipulation, the gods of Babylonian imperialism—all these are now declared null and void. (66)

To lift up the one true God is to cast down all would be gods. We fight idolatry in our hearts with praise. And, when thanklessness creeps in, beware. There is an idol lurking. Unleash the cannons of praise!

But Brueggemann is really making a point about corporate, cultural claims more than internal personal issues.  When we praise Yahweh, the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, we are saying that all others, put forward as gods throughout the world, are nothing.  This is strikingly countercultural in a pluralistic age. Praise is surprisingly subversive in a relativistic age. Praise then lays the groundwork for evangelism.  Let us  hold fast and advance by being people marked by hearty praise of our God and Savior.

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Watching Out for One Another

The New Testament is clear about the duty of church members in watching out for one another and helping one another persevere (see esp. Heb 3:12-14; 4:1-2, 11; 12:15-16; James 5:19-20). Too often Christians have not learned to think this way. I also often find myself trying to help people see that evangelistic labors, properly understood, include both calling people to initial faith and helping one another persevere in that faith. The following quote from 2 Clement, a 2d century Christian document, illustrates these points well and shows how they were understood early in the history of the church.

Let us therefore repent with our whole heart, lest any of us perish by the way. For if we have received commands, that we should make this our business, to tear men away from idols and to instruct them, how much more is it wrong that a soul which knows God already should perish! Therefore let us assist one another, that we may also lead the weak upward as touching that which is good, to the end that we all may be saved: and let us convert and admonish one another. And let us not think to give heed and believe now only, while we have departed home, let us remember the commandments of the Lord, and not suffer ourselves to be dragged off the other way by our worldly lusts; but coming hither more frequently, let us strive to go forward in the commandments of the Lord, that we all having the same mind may be gathered together unto life. (2Clem 17:1-3, Lightfoot trans.)

Note that earnest evangelism is assumed- “tear men away from idols.” Added to this, the author pleads that his hearers not to sit idly by while professing believers wander from the truth (cf. James 5:19-20).. The remedy for wandering away is “assisting one another”, “admonishing one another”, and gathering frequently with the church (cf. Heb 10:24-25). God has given us the church, one another, fellow believers, to help us persevere.

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F. F. Bruce on the Importance of the Local Pastor

While working on a project on what is taught about the church in Hebrews I came across this quote from F. F. Bruce (in his commentary). He is discussing Hebrews 13:17, the verse which provides the name for this site.  This is a great comment:

“There would always be a tendency throughout the churches for visitors who came purveying new and esoteric doctrines to be regarded as much more attractive and interesting personalities than the rather humdrum local leaders, who never taught anything new, but were content with the conservative line of apostolic tradition.  Nevertheless it was those local leaders, and not the purveyors of strange teaching, who had a real concern for the welfare of the church and a sense of their accountability to God in this respect.”

Bruce’s comment and the verse in view stress the importance of loyalty to and submission to one’s own pastors. This assumes that these pastors, in Bruce’s words, have “a real concern for the welfare of the church and a sense of their accountability to God in this respect,” or, in the words of the text, keep watch over your souls knowing God will hold them accountable for it.  If this is not true of your pastor, all you have is a traveling preacher who shows up regularly.  No matter how good a speaker he is or how good the programs are, you need a shepherd who will watch over your soul.

Then, if you have such faithful pastors, take heed to them. Bruce here is speaking of unorthodox, travelling speakers, but the principle applies to other orthodox preachers as well. It can be useful to learn from other preachers, but they are not the ones who “stay awake at night” (sense of the verb “keep watch”) concerned for the sake of your soul.  Give heed, submit to those who demonstrate that they labor to care for you with a deep awareness that they will answer to God for this task.

And pastors, be this sort of leader. Carefulness in oversight will trump cleverness in speaking.

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KJV Book to the Press

The book of essays which came from the event KJV400: Legacy & Impact last fall at Union University, has now gone to the publisher. We are hoping for a fall release for the book. The table of contents is below.

The aim of the book, like the event, is to recognize and celebrate how God has worked through this translation which is widely hailed as one of the most important books ever produced in English. This translation has truly impacted the world for four centuries.  There are lessons for us to learn from what God has done in the past, lessons to prepare us for the future.

Foreword- David S. Dockery

Introduction- Ray Van Neste

Leland Ryken, “What Makes the King James Version Great?”

Setting from Which the KJV Emerged

Timothy George, “Tyndale’s One Thing: William Tyndale and the Making of the English Bible”

John D. Woodbridge, “The Status of Biblical Authority among Europeans at the Creation of the King James Bible”

Gavin Richardson, “ ‘No New Reformation’: Anglo-Saxon Vernacular Scripture in the Minds of the Reformers”

James A. Patterson, “Divine Right or Holy Dissent? Conflicting Visions of Church and State in Early Seventeenth-Century England”

Micah Watson, “Who Appeals to Heaven? King James I and John Locke on Scripture & Political Authority”

Steve Halla, “Art, Iconoclasm, and the Search for Unity: Reflections on Cornelis Boel’s 1611 KJV Title Page Design”

Impact of the KJV

Bobby C. Rogers, “Therefore Now Put Off Thy Ornaments: The Influence of the King James Bible in Contemporary American Poetry”

John Netland, “ ‘The Very Language of Men’: Biblical Echoes in Wordsworth’s Poetry”

Scott Huelin, “Only God Speaks King James: The Literary Use of English Bible Translations in Flannery O’Connor’s The Violent Bear It Away

Gene C. Fant, Jr., “Give Me also This Power: Secular Writers’ Simultaneous Fascination with and Denial of the Power of the KJV”

Justin D. Barnard, “Human Nature and the Veneration of the KJV”

Chris Mathews, “Sounding Through The Centuries: The Influence of the King James Version over Four Centuries of Musical Composition”

Jennifer Gruenke, “Isaac Newton’s Bible:  Science and Heresy in 17th Century England”

Keith Bates, “Not Fundamentalist Enough: John R. Rice and Bob Jones University Fail the King James-Only Test”

Bradley Glen Green, “Covenant, Canon, and Culture: Theological Reflections on the Cultural Meaning of the King James Version”

Hunter Baker, “A Bible for the People: The Political and Cultural Impact of the Vernacular Bible”

C. Richard Wells, “From John Wycliff to ‘King James Only’: How Preaching Created the KJV. . . and What Happened Next”

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Evangelism and the Titanic

Today is the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic. This terrible tragedy was also the occasion of some very heroic deeds as men by and large supported a “Women and children first” policy. Sadly the heroic aspect has been obscured by a dubious movie.  On this anniversary there is one specific story especially relevant to the theme of this site which I would not want us to miss.  My friend Mark Donaldson pointed me to the story of John Harper, a Scottish Baptist preacher from Glasgow. Harper demonstrated the heart of a pastor and evangelist in this desperate situation.  This brief video from BBC news includes comments from the current pastor of Harper Memorial Baptist Church and Harper’s grandson. It is well worth watching.

Knowing the ship was going down, Harper, a widower, calmly placed his young daughter on a life boat along with his niece ensuring their safety while knowing he would likely not see them again. When the ship went down he was in the icy sea with a life jacket. Survivors reported that Harper called people to Christ aboard the ship and while in the sea.  Upon encountering a man without a life jacket, he asked if the man had trusted Christ. When the man said, “No,” Harper gave him his lifejacket saying the unbeliever needed it more than he did. This other man was later one of just a few who were rescued. John Harper died at sea, but the man who received the life jacket came to faith and later told the story.

Harper, like his Master, came to seek and to save the lost.

(Story on the website of Harper Memorial Baptist Church, Glasgow)

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The Prince of Wales on the KJV

I am currently trying to finish up the book coming out of our festival last fall, KJV400: Legacy & Impact. As I have been thinking about the impact and influence of the KJV, I have appreciated the King James Bible Trust in London, who also helped to advertise our event as well as others around the world. The Prince of Wales is the Patron of the KJB Trust and this past year gave a brief speech at a reception for the trust where he commented on the value of the King James Bible.

I resonated with much of what he said, so here are a couple of excerpts:

I don’t know about you, Ladies and Gentlemen, I’ve never really understood who it was that decided that for people who aren’t very good at reading, the best things to read are those written by people who aren’t very good at writing! Poetry, I have always thought, is for everybody – even if it’s only a few phrases – but banality is for nobody. It might be accessible for all but so, at the end of the day, is a desert!

So, Ladies and Gentlemen, we are so blessed, I think, really with the King James Version, when you think what trouble King James I took to assemble such a group of learned scholars to ensure that the very best translation was produced and we have benefitted ever since. But one of the things I’ve always felt has been so sad is losing that sense of continuity that we were able to share, many of us, with our predecessors in having this access to such a great translation. And I’ve always felt that, one of the things as I get older, I find, is although I didn’t really understand everything I was hearing, over the years in Church, or wherever, school, in endless Chapel services, you know, as I get older and older and life can sometimes become more challenging here and there, or when particular moments of difficulty confront you, then all these wonderful passages come back, to provide such a degree of comfort and security when you think perhaps there is no hope.

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Endorsements for “Forgotten Songs”

I previously posted the chapter titles for the forthcoming Forgotten Songs: Reclaiming the Psalms for Christian Worship, which is due out this

fall from B&H. As the book makes its way through the publication process, some people have been kind enough to give the book an early reading and share their thoughts. I have been very encouraged by the endorsements that have come in so far and have included them below.

“Saint Augustine once called the Psalter “the Old Testament in microcosm.” All of the riches of the Scriptures filled in the mine of praise, prophecy and poetry that is the Psalter. These riches, however, need to be brought to the light of day so they might adorn the life of the Christian. This powerful edited volume by Ray Van Neste and Richard Wells does just that. It brings the wealth of the Psalms to the life of the church: to be sung, read, and practiced. No doubt this is a volume that will be used in colleges and seminaries in courses on the Psalter.”

– Heath A. Thomas, Assistant Professor of Old Testament and Hebrew, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary

“At a time when the Psalms and most of the great hymns of the 18th and 19th centuries are largely neglected in modern congregational worship, this book is a much needed wake-up call. Wells and Van Neste have edited a collection of excellent essays which remind us of the prominent place the Psalms have had for Christians from New Testament times onward. The authors urge us to consider once again the spiritual benefits of focusing on the Psalms, and give practical guidance for their recovery in church life.”

- Graeme Goldsworthy, Visiting lecturer in Hermeneutics, Moore Theological College, Sydney, Australia

“ A generation ago James Smart wrote a book about the mainline churches entitled, The Strange Silence of the Bible in the Church. A generation later for different reasons the same has become true in evangelical worship services. This book is a precious resource to help the church recover the invaluable prayers and songs that God has given his people to address Him. To an often superficial church that hides its pain, struggle and doubt on the one hand, and fails to see the majesty and greatness of God on the other, Forgotten Songs can help churches and individual believers reclaim a strong dose of Biblical Reality. For future courses on the Psalms that I teach this book will be required reading!”

- Stephen G. Dempster, Professor of Religious Studies, Crandall University

“This book is a welcome addition to the growing literature on the Psalms. Its authors bring together many perspectives, but are united in their conviction that the rediscovery of the Psalter encourages the ancient practice of living in the Psalms, the reclamation of canonical associations, the enrichment of coming into the presence of God with prayer and praise, and the renewal of congregational life. The essays lead the readers in a pilgrimage that takes them from the Old Testament to the New Testament, to the usage and interpretation of the Psalms in the Early Church and the era of the Reformation, and to our modern/post-modern context. The book includes various approaches to the use of the Psalms. I expect that this volume will encourage many to reassess their own theological, liturgical, and devotional practices.”

- Willem A. VanGemeren, Professor of Old Testament, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School

Forgotten Songs of God: Reclaiming the Psalms for Christian Worship is a timely expression of timeless truths. Some readers will discover truths they did not know; other readers will remember truths they had almost forgotten; and still others will rejoice that notice has been taken again of how important the Psalms are in Christian worship, both public and private. All readers will be revived by this refreshing word about the Psalms of the faith. Here is an important book to help us recover the ancient words, still ever new.”

- Michael Travers, Professor of English and Senior Fellow of the L. Russ Bush Center for Faith and Culture, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary

“While liturgical churches use the psalms regularly, many Baptist, Pentecostal, and other free church traditions do not.  The impressive team of experts in this volume make the case that the Psalms enrich preaching, prayers, singing, and Christian living for every branch of Christianity.  This volume is biblically sound and theologically rich, so it is practical to the core.  Wells and Van Neste are to be commended for showing new audiences the great value of the Bible’s model songs and prayers.”

-Paul House, Professor of Divinity, Beeson Divinity School of Samford University

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